In this section, I’ll review the notation for sums and products. Addition and multiplication are binary operations: They operate on two numbers at a time. If you want to add or multiply more than two …

Firstly, Σ is the capital Greek letter sigma that corresponds to the Roman letter ‘S’, which, of course, is the first letter of Sum. Thus, it makes sense to use Σ to represent summations.

This can be done using a sum over all indices that are members of a given index set, or in the most general form satisfy some given predicate (with the usual set-theoretic caveat that the objects that …

Sometimes you have a sum which you’d like to evaluate modulo p instead of computing altogether. Most of the same strategies from before still apply, and so these problems are not actually too different …

Write a double summation expression to sum the upper triangular elements of the data in Table 2.4. Try not to look at the solution to this example until you have given it a good try.

Series you can explicitly sum We will learn to sum three kinds of series: arithmetic (accent on the third syllable) series, geometric series and telescoping series.

In the afterlife you relive all your experiences, but this time with the events reshuffled into a new order: all the moments that share a quality are grouped together. You spend two months driving the street …