In a confined space, bacteria can change their environment in their favour. In an open and mixed environment, by contrast, bacteria must cooperate to carry out these functions, such as the production ...

Objective Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major cause of global illness and death, most commonly caused by cigarette smoke. The mechanisms of pathogenesis remain poorly understood, ...

The Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, and The Analytical Measurement Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China, and The State Key ...

The cellular response to nutrient transition metal limitation is evolutionarily conserved in all kingdoms, providing protection from the loss of these essential inorganic cofactors that power much of ...

Current version of the List of Permitted Food Enzymes ...